Film-back for cameras.



A. P. D. & J. D. BELANGER.

FILM BACK FOR CAMERAS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4, 1915.

Patented Feb. 1, 1916.

5 SHEETSSHEET 1- A. P. D. 6: J. D. BELANGER.

FILM BACK FOR CAMERAS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4. 1915.

Patented Feb. 1, 1916.

5 SHEETSSHEET 2.

fizz/1221 1526 404. we m @1 mm A. P. D. & J. D. BELANGER. FILM BACK FORCAMERAS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4,1915.

Patented Feb. 1, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

'IIIIIIIIIII'IIIII'IIIIIIIIIII'IIIIII V YIIIIIIII! w ee g e ITIT 5SHEETS-SHEET .4.

A. P. D. & J. D. BELANGER.

Patented Feb. 1, 1916.

A. P. D. & J. D. BELANGER. FILM BACK- FOR CAMERAS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4 I9I5. 1,170,039. Patented Feb. 1, 1916.

5 SHEETSSHEET 5.

. J f MK 2720 i/ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT P. D. IBELANGER AND JOHN 1'). BELANGER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

FILM-BACK FOR CAMERAS.

Application filed June 4, 1915.

.. a certain new and useful improvement in Film-Backs for Cameras; andwe do hereby declare that the following description of our accompanyingsheets of drawings, forms a full, clear, and exact specification, whichwill enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make anduse the same.

Our invention relates generally .to improvements in focusing film backfor cameras. and it consists, essentially, in the novel and peculiarcombination of parts and details of construction, as hereinafter firstfully set forth and described and then pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings already referred to, which more fully disclose thedetails of our invention, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a typical filmcamera, to which our invention has been attached. Fig. 2 is a likeelevation of the invention 7267 see. Fig. 3 is a frontelevation of ourdevice. Fig. 4, an elevation of the same swung apart, disclosing thefocus ground glass, the slide for the film carrier and other details.Fig. 5 is a longitudinal, vertical section at line 5-5 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6is a horizontal, transverse section at line 66 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is asection on the same section line. as Fig. 5, but with the focus groundglass and frame partly withdrawn and Fig. 8 is a like section with thesaid focus ground glass and frame wholly withdrawn. Fig. 9 is a sectionof a fragment at line 99 of Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is asection of a fragment atline 1010 of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a front view of the film carrierdetached, with its sliding cover withdrawn. Fig. 12 is a perspectiveview of a portion of a film pressure plate employed in the film carrier.Fig. 13 is a vertical, longitudinal section of our invention in line1313 of Fig. 3. Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the Specification ofLetters Patent.

Serial No. 82,095.

16-16 of Fi 11 and Fig. 17 is a like section at line 1 --17 of said Fig.11. Fig. 18 1s a perspective of a detailemployed in the film carrier,while Figs. "19,20, .and 21 are.

likewise views of details .of construction embodied in said film box orcarrier. Fig. 22 isa plan of the ground glass slide and Fig. 23 is aside elevationof acamera withaparts of ouginvention'formed integraltherewith. said invention, taken in connection with the" 'Like parts aredesignated by corresponding characters or symbols of reference in allthe figures of the drawings.

- The process of focusing a camera of the well known pocket type, suchas the Kodak, Premo, Bulls Eye, Hawk, and the like, is,

Patented Feb. 1, 1916.

as a matter of fact, a mere matter'of guess or approximation. On suchcameras there is arranged one of several types of graduated devices, thegraduations thereon indicating various foci, and there is provided astop adapted to be set at any of these graduations' In connection withthe camera front is arranged a stop adapted to contact-with the firstnamed stop. Now assuming such a camera to be set up to make an exposure,it becomes necessary for the operator to guess at the .proper focallength andto set the camera front at a point on the graduated device,designative of the approximated focus.- And, it is a well" known factthat,

except in the case of trained men; the approximation of distance isnotoriously inaccurate; particularly so in the case of amateurs, and itis a further fact that amateurs without number have ceased amateurphotography simply due to the spoiling of roll after roll of negativefilm because of improper focusing. If, however, cameras such asdescribed were possessed of a ground glass \vliereon the image might beprojected and the operator given an opportunity'to properly focus thecamera until a perfectly distinct image were shown on the ground glass,and means of extreme simplicity provided to automatically remove theground glass focusmg cross member 10 extending the entire length adaptedto fit the back of the camera and to make a light tight joint therewith.During the period of focusing, the film carrier is provided' whereby thesaid frame will be automatically slidably retreated from the field ofvision within the camera. In the face of thefilm carrier is provided aslide similar to that in a platehol'denwhich when I withdrawn willexpose the film, and said film will be in precisely the same focal planeas was the ground glass, so that the image produced upon the film afterproper exposure will have the same clarity of detail as was possessed bythe image projected upon the ground glass.

Tobetter understand our invention we now refer to the drawings, inwhich- A indicates in general the type of camera herein referred to andBour newlyinvented film back as attached to said camera. .This filmbackis composed of two hinged together independent parts C and D,

the former being an open frame within which is maintained a:ground'glass and its appurtenances, and thelatter a case or box termedthe film carrier, within which is located a roll of sensitive filmtogether with necessary meansfor maintaining the same.

The open frame G comprises two longitudinal strips 10 and 11, maintainedin spaced apart parallel'relationship and connectedtogether bytop andbottom cross members 10 and 11. On the outer face of the, frame 0 thesemembers 10 and 11 are ofequal width asv clearlyseen in Fig. 3, while onthe inner face the member 11 is rabbeted as at l1 as indicated in Fig.5.

The longitudinal strips 10 and 11 are provided on their near, inner orfacing edges with longitudinal grooves 12 and 12 ex tending from therabbeted portion 11 to the end of said strips, there being an open,through space or cavity 12 formedv in the and width thereof and merginginto the grooves 12 and 12, ranged for the passage therethrough of aground glass slide E hereinafter described. 0n the upper faces of thestripslOand 11 along the inner edges thereof 'are produced longitudinalrabbets 12 and 12 for purposes hereinafter more flilly referred to.

On the outer face of the. frame G are said space being ar-' a a r/ oseprovided longitudinal and- -.transverse ffins '13 and 14, respectively,the latter having tongues 14 which fins and tongues are adapted toengage the walls of the camera case F of the camera A and to. form alight tight joint between said case and said frame Hooks 15 and coactingpins 15*"or like means are employed to fasten the frame 0 to the cameracase F,-and it is-now to be understood that if desired we *may make theframe C as an integral part of the camera case F, as seen in Fig. 23, soas to produce the camera in the first instance with the focusingmedia,without departing from the scope or spirit ofour. invention. v

The ground glass slide above mentioned is adapted to slide through thespace 12 of "the member 10 of the frame C and "in the grooves 12 and 12of the members. 10 and 11 and its inward movement is estopped bycontacting with the member 11 as seen 1n Fig. 5, and it maybe explainedthat the lower faces of the grooves 12 and 12 of frame 0 are providedwith toothed rack bars 16 and 16 which extend from 'thefacing edge ofcross member 10 member 11.

to the like edge of v The slide Evis composed of a pair of parallellongitudinal strips 17 andlTZFand maintained in spaced apart dispositionby upper and lower longitudinal strips project slightly beyond member 18to provide ournals for a transcross members 18Yand 18*. The 3 verseshaft 19, on which ,are'fixed adjacent to the innerfaces of the stri'p's17 andnllt now' handyefibracing toothed pinions 20 and, 20 said shaft isalong helical springQl, one vend ofwhich is fixed tothe 'mem'ber 18 andthe other to said shaft-19,1;So-that, as

the slide is introduced intoztheframec, and J engage the racks 16.

the pinions 20 and 20 a and 16*, the said spring will become wound up astime that the slide has been move distance within said, frames. It isobvious that'if contact with vsaid slide be removed the torque in saidspring will rotatershaft 19 and pinions. 20 and 20,..and they,'co-

acting with the racks '16 and 16%, will force the withdrawal of; saidslide" in' an -evident manner, until an'obstru'ction is encountered,

it were and plaoedin'tor 'ueby the its entire 3 110 and this obstructionisprovid'ed-in the fornr of a removable ledge 22 onthef topface of a themember 18,which led'gel'is intendedtd i contact with the inner edgeof.'cross mem-' ber 10 of the frame Qthuspreventing fur 1 therwithdrawal of said slide,

Located at either end of rectangular open ing G, produced by thecomponents of the slide E, are V-shaped blade springs 23 and 24centrallyfixed underneath and flush with the'bottom surface of themembers'18 and 18, the free legs of which springs incline upwardly inopposite, directions adjacent the inner edges of said members.

Upon thefree legs of the springs 23 and 24 rests a rectangular groundglass frame 25 in which is maintained a ground las 26, which frame is ofa size to freely t in opening G of the slide E and to be verticallymovable therein, .there being lips 25 and 25 on opposite lower edges ofsaid frame, which are adapted to engage the longitudinal rabbets 12 and12 adjacent the grooves 12 and 12 0f the frame C, in

order to limit the upward movement of said frame 25 under "the impetusof the springs 23 and 24; and, upon the application of pressure uponsaid ground glass it is evident that the same will be depressed from thelips 25 and 25 and will rest upon the inner edges 27 and 27, in whichinstance it will be found that upper and lower faces of the frame 25will be coincident with the like surfaces of the frame E, so that-therewill be no impediment or obstruction to the withdrawal of the frame Efrom the frame C except the limiting stop 22 already mentioned. v

The object of rendering the ground glass outwardly movable to a certainextent, the

bet coacts with raised ribs 30 on the edges of the film carrier D toeffect a light tight .joint at the jointure of the said frame and filmcarrier.

The film carrier D is of the same width and height as the frame G andconsists of side walls 31 and 31and end walls 32 and 32% On. the innerfaces of walls 31, 32 and 32, near the upper edgesthereof are formedgrooves 34, 3 5, and 35 for the slidable reception of a cover H for saidcarrier, therebeing a rabbet 33 cooperating with a ledge33! to' insurelight tight joints in an obvious'manner.iThe cover H is provided with anopenin' 36 through which the exposure is made, an this opening is closedand opened by a slide 37. On the under face of the cover H; e. that faceonthe interior of the carrier, and surrounding the opening serum isprovided a layer of plush 38'againstlwhieh the film in the carrier isautomatically pressed during the making of an exposure, so as to preventany light rays fogging'the film .on either side of-the opening 36.

Within the carrier D are provided two upstanding partitions 39 and 40,transversely of and'connecting side walls 31-and 31, care having beentaken to -make the joints light tight, and uponthese partitions isplaced a fixed light tight top member 41.

These partitions and top are arran ed be- .low the opening 36 in thecover and, freely supported on said top is a sheet metallic pressureplate 42, which plate is equal to the width of the film and overlapssaid top at each end. Fixed to the under side of this plate are howsprings43 and 44, the free ends of which springs rest upon said top 41and tend to force said pressure plate into close contact with the plush38 on the carrier/cover H. It will thus be observed that if a film beinterposed between the pressure plate 42 and the plush surface 38, thepressure created by the springs 43 and 44 will tightly press'said filmagainst the plush and render the film perfectly flat and free from thecurled edges and waviness 'of surface as now exists with all filmholders. This flattening of the film insures the same an exposure atprecisely the same I focus throughout the entire area thereof in anobvious manner.

Parallel to partition 39 and extending from sidewall 31 to 31 is locateda partition 45 closed by a bottom 45*, in which is located anopeningclosed by red or nonactinic glass 45', there being a like opening 48through the pressure plate 42, whereby the film numerals now usuallyimprinted on the backs of regulation films, may be distinguished fromthe back of the film carrier, there being a sliding cover 47 to closethe chamber 46 formed by the partitions 45 and 39.

In the ends of the film carrier between 50%. The compartment 53 createdby the partitions 39 and 40, and member 41 is adapted for the receptionof extra rolls of. I

film 54, arid said compartment is closed by a sliding bottom member 55.

In Fig. 17 is disclosed the details in stalled in compartment 49 inwhich the unwinding film roller 51 mounted upon 'slidably mounted pins55 and 55, the pins being slidably arranged in the walls 31 and 31 topermit the removal of roller 51 when it is desired to remove and replacethe same.

Embracing thevpin 55 and fixed to the wall 31 is a bowed spring 56, thebowed portion of which impinges against flan e 51 ofunwinding filmroller 51 to crea e frictional resistance to the rotationof said roller.In the compartment 50, Fig: 16, the wind- 1ng roll 52 is rotatablymounted adjacent is rotatably wall 31 on a retreatable pin 57 of aconstruction similar to that of pins 55 and 55 but in wall 31*, arotatable pin 58, having an external'fingeigrip 59 for rotativepurposes, is provided. At its inner engaging end,- this pin iscylindrical and is formed with driving lugs 58 engaging recesses 56 inthe ends of the drivingroller 52 to rotate the same. While the said pinis cylindrical at its inner engaging end, it is of rectangular crosssection for the remainder of its length as seen at 60.

To the inner face of wall 31' concentri cally with pin 58 and possessingan axial annular aperture 61 of sufiicient diameter to permit thepassage through and rotation I therein of the rectangular portion 60 ofthe pin 58, there is fastened a disk 62 plurality of radial spokes 63,as it were.

Non-rotatably though slidably engaging the rectangular section 60 of thepin 58 is a sinaller disk 6 1 possessed of a plurality of tain the disk64: in facial contact with the disk 62 and also to maintain the lugs 58within the recesses 58*. of the film roller 52.

a sure plate.

Now assuming a film 70 as being partially unwrapped upon the unwindingroller 51, with its end extending over the pressure plate 42, andpartially wrapped upon the winding roller- 52 in the manner indicated inFigs.'13 and 20, it will be observed that said film has a tendency tocome in sharp contact with the edges of the pressure plate 42, creatinga tendency to tear or rip the film. To avoid this liabilityanti-friction rollers 71, Fig. 12, are journaled to the preslt havingalready been explained that the unwinding roller- 51 is pro vided withfrictional meansresisting rotation thereof, it is-e vident that arotation of roll 52 in the direction indicated in Fig. 20

will create a tension in the film 70, with the result that the pressureplate 412 will be depressed and its supporting springs 43 and atcompressed, thereby removing said film from contact with the plush 38'on the'cover film from becoming streaked or scratched as the process ofwinding upon roll 52 proceeds. It has also been explained that the disk64 rotating withsaid roll is maintained in spring pressed facial contactwlth the stationary disk 62. 1f now the rotation of roll 52 bediscontinued; the tension existing in the film 70 will instantly inducea retrograde rotation of said roller until the projections 65 on disk 64engage, the spokes 63 of the" stationary disk 62, thereby removing thetension in the film and permlttlng the having a trac ea pressure plate12 to again press the film squarely :against the plush 38, so that thesaid film presents a perfectly plane surface free from curls or wrinklesupon the exposure thereof. Thestructure performing ness than others. Itis a fact that'professiorial photographers, employing large cameras, andphotographing panoramicpictures in which large glass plates are now anecessity, would gladly substitute films, but for the objection statedabove, because of the reduction in weight of the film over the glassplates and also the security from breakage which is ever present in themanipulation .of such glass plates. And it is now pointed out thatlourinvention is not limited to the small pocket cameras of the types hereinstated, but is equallyas applicable-to the Wider and more comprehensiverange of work of the professional.

- 1n the broad statement of function set forth in this specification, itwas stated that when in readinessfor exposure, .the sensitized face ofthe film will lie in the precise plane of the adjacent faceofthefocusing ground glass. lhis result'is accomplished asflfollows: @nthe outer face of cover 11 on opposite sides of the opening 36 there arearranged upstanding ribs 100 and 101 Rigs. 4, 13,1 1, 15. The spacialseparation of these ribs is the same-as the spacial separation of themarginal members 102 and 108, Fig. 6

of the ground glass frame 25. And, when the film box D is swung aboutits hinges to be brought into'intimat'e facial contact With the frame C,these ribs and 101 contact with the marginal'members 102 and 103 andforces the frame 25 with the ground glass 26 into the ground glass slideE until the same is' fully retreated 'thereinto and flush with the upperand lower surfaces of said slide. As this function is performed, allobstruction to the slidable movement of the slide 13 through the frame(3 is removed, whereupon the tightly'wound or tensioned spring 21 on theshaft 19, Fig. 9, will induce rotation thereof and of the pinions 20 and20 thereon, which pinions coacting with the racks 16 and 16 will enforcethe movement of the slide E until the'same is without the range ofvisionin the camera A. It now only remains to be' stated that the distance ofthe sensitized face of the I film 70 from the outer face or front of thecarrier D is. such that when thecarrier is brought into close contactwith the frame G, the said face of the film will he in the plane of theremoved ground glass.

Herein we have disclosed a practical structure capable of and fullyperforming the various functions of our invention, yet it is obviousthat many changes in details 'of construction producing the same result,

may be made and we therefore wish it understood that we consider allsuch changes or alterations as within the skill of one practised in theart, and are therefore to be considered as falling within the spirit andscope of our invention; for instance, we have in mind that instead of.hinging together the frame C and film carrier D, the same may equallywell be arranged in slidable engagement with each other. Likewise thatthe frame C may be formed integral with the camera case if desired. And,the film carrier D be an independent structure provided with either atongue or groove along its surrounding facial edges adapted to mate withsimilar media on the back face of the frame C-to secure light tightjoints and provided with hooks or other means tov fasten said carrier tosaid frame.

When the camera is being carried about, it is preferable that thevarious elements A, "G, and D be'in connected together relationship forsake of convenience. Inasmuch as the slide E will normally project fromframe C when the carrier D is in place, a swivel hook 200, Figs. 7 and13, is supplied on the frame C to' maintain said slide within saidframe.

' Having thus fully described our invention we claim as new, and desireto secure to ourselves by Letters Patent of the United States 1. Acamera including a casing, a frame provided with an opening and slidablymovable in said opening, a film carrier in connection with said casing,and adapted to be light tightly engaged therewith, means on said carrieradapted to move said second frame from its normal position, and devicesmounted in said casing and adapted to move I both frames beyond the lineof vision within said camera.

2. A camera including a casing, a frame having an opening therethroughand arranged for transverse movement with respect to said casing andlocated in the rear of said casing,.a ground glass, and a frametherefor, in said opening and movable there'- in, a film carrier inconnection with said casing, and means on said carrier to move saidframe and ground glass in a direction away from said carrier.

3. A camera including a casing, a frame having an opening therethroughand arranged for transverse movement with respect to said casing andlocated in the rear ofsaid casing, a ground glass and guiding meanstherefor, in said opening and movable therein and spring maintained insaid means on said film' carrier to move said.

guiding means and ground glass from said predetermined position. v

4. A camera including a casing, and a frame in connection therewith atthe'rear thereof, said frame being movable transversely withrespect tosaid casing and having an opening therethrough, a ground glass andguiding means therefor, in said opening and movable therein, a filmcarrier in connection with said casing at the rear of said frame, andcontaining a sensitized film, there being means on said carrier to movesaid guiding means and ground glass away from said carrier, so that saidfilm may occupy the space theretofore occupied by said ground glass, andguiding means.

5. A camera including a casing, a frame provided with an opening andslidably mounted in the rear of said casing, a second frame providedwith a ground glass and movable in said opening, a film carrier inconnection with said casing, and adapted to be light tightly engagedtherewith, and means on said carrier adapted to move said second framein a direction away from said carrier.

6. A camera including acasing, a frame 'means therefor, in said openingand movable therein, a film carrier in connection with said casing, andmeans on said carrier to move said guiding ,means and ground glass in adirection away from said carrier,

and other devices in connection with said casing to. move said frame andground glass, in a direction transversely of said casing, beyond theline of vision within said camera.

7. A camera including a casing; a frame having an opening therethroughand arranged for transverse movement with respect to said casing andlocated in the rear of said casing, a ground glass having guiding meansthereon, in said opening and movable therein and spring maintained insaid opening in a predetermined position, a film carrier in connectionwith said casing, and means on said film carrier to move said guidingmeans and ground glass from said predetermined position, and othermeans, in connection with said casing to move said frame and said groundglass in a direction and ing andmovable therein, a film carrier inconnection With said casing at the rear of said frame, and Containing asensitized film, there being means, on said carrier-to move 5 saidground glass away from said carrier, so that said film may occupy thespace theretofore occupied by said guiding means and: ground glass, andothermeans, inconnec tion with said casing, to move said framegroundglass in a direction transversely of said casing beyond the line ofvision Within said camera. i Y 1 9. A camera including a casing, a framefixed to the rear of'said casing, said frame having a passage Way, aslide movable in said passage Way, there being an openingthrough saidslide, a ground glass having guiding means thereon and movable in saidopening and normally projecting beyond said slide parallel to the planethereof, a

film carrier in connection with said frame,

and means on said carrier to move said ground glas into said slide. 110. A camera including a casing,

fixed to the rear of saksingendlfiqng a passageway thereinopen atoneend, a slide movable in said passage way, there being an ,openingthrough said slide, a ground glass,

having guiding means thereon, in said open ing and movable therein andnormally located in a predetermined position in said slide parallel tothe plane thereof, a film carrierin connection with said frame and meanson sai d/film carrier to move said ground 3 5 gl'assi away from itspredetermined position.

40 to be normally positioned in a predeter- 11. A camera'lncluding acasing, a frame at the rear thereof, a ground glass having guiding meanstherefor in said frame and Y movable transversely therein, and adaptedmined plane, a film'carrier, containing a sensitized film, in connectionwith and hinged relationship to said casing and j adapted forlight-tight? engagement there- 5-.vvith, there beingv means on saidcarrier to .,movesaid glass from said plane, whereby attached to therear of said casing,

the said film is so vacated.

I2. A camera includinga casing, a frame permitted to occupy the space 50attached to the rear of said casing, a slide movable in said frame, saidslide having an opening, a ground glass having guiding means therefor,in said openingand movable therein and normal y projecting beyond said 5slide parallel to the plane thereof, a film carrier hinged tosaidframe'and closable'thereagainst, said film carrier having means to movesaid ground glass into said slide.

13. A camera including acasing', a frame a slide movable in said frame,said 'slidehavin an opening, a ground glass, having gui ingmeanstherefor, in said opening and movable therein and normally projecting ina pre- I from said predetermined pos tion.

nit ose determined position beyond said slide parallel 'to the: planethereof, a film carrier hinged to said frame, containing a sensitizedfilm, and clos'able against said frame,

jtomove said ground glassinto said .slide,. I

and devices in connection with said frame to move saidslide andgroundglass beyond the line of vision With'insaid camera.

15.'In combination, a cameraincluding a bellows and a bellows back, ofa'frame rea framel movably-attachedto*tlirear ofsaid back, .7

a slide-movable in said frame, and having. an i opening, a ground glassand guidingmeansQO therefor, in said opening, springs-in 'connectionWith said slide, pressing against'said' guidingmeans and yieldinglymaintaining the same in a predetermined position beyond; 1 the face ofsad slide, a film earner in con-- nection with said frame, vandmeanso'n'said carrier to move said ground glass and'means 16. In combination,a camera noludin'g a bellows and a bellows back,'of,a frame removablyattached to the rea'rofsaid back, a

slide movable in said frame andhaving an a.

opening, a ground glass and guiding means therefor, in saidopeningandmovable therein and positioned in a predetermined planeparallel to the; plane of'said slide, a'film carrier in connection withsaid frame, and

means on said carrier to move said ground glass from said predeterminedposition. ,4

17-. In combination, bellows'anda bellows. back, of 'aframe remov'ablyattached to the rear of said back, a slide movable .in said frame andhaving. 7 an opening, a ground glass and guiding means therefor, in saidopening and movable 11 5 therein and positioned iniapredetenmined planeparallel tolhedplane of said slide, a

'filmcarriefadapted to contain a sensitized film, in connectionwith saidframe, and means on said carrier to move said ground glass and'meansFfromsaid-1 predetermined position, whereby the said film mayoccupy the posltion from whicli 'said ground glass Q and meanswasremoved.

-1S. In combinat on, a film carrier including. a llDJlDW rectangularcase'and a slidable cover inthe front thereof, there being an opening insaid cover and a slide closing a camera including a' 110 the same, filmrollers in opposite ends of said carrier, an outwardly impelled platebetween said rollers, .wherebya film passing over said plate and saidroller, will be forced into contact with said cover.

19. In combination a hollow rectangular case having a front and anopening therethrough a slide closing said opening, means in said casefor retaining a film thereon, an outwardly impelled device between saidmeans, whereby said film traversing said device and retained by saidmeans, is forced into close contact with said front.

20. In combination a hollow rectangular case having a front and anopening therethrough adapted to be closed, film carrying devices withinsaid case, and an outwardly spring pressed plate between said devices,-

whereby a film connected to said devices and traversing said plate isforced into close contact with said front.

21. In combination, a hollow rectangular case having a front and anopening therethrough adapted to be closed, a driving and a drivenfilmroller in said case, and an out wardly impelled plate between said rollsopmeans on said carrier to move said ground glass and means into saidslide, and devices on said slide engaging means on said frame to movesaid slide in said passage way of said frame beyond the line of visionwithin said camerafi 7 23. A camera including a casing, a frame fixed tothe rear of said casing, said frame having a passage way, a slidemovable in said passage way, there being an opening through said slide,a ground glass and guiding means therefor, movable in said opening andnormally projecting beyond said slide parallel to the plane'thereof, afilm carrier in connection with and in hinged relationship to saidframe, and means on' said carrier to move said intov said slide.

24. A camera including a casing, a frame fixed to the rear of saidcasing and having a passage way therein open atone end, a slide movablein said passage way, there being an opening through. said slide, aground glass and guiding means therefor, in said ground glass and meansopening and movable therein and normally located in a predeterminedposition in saidslide parallel to the plane thereof, a film carrier inconnection with said frame and means on said film carrier to move saidground glass and means away from its predetermined position, and meanson said slide engaging means on said frame to move said slide throughsaid passage way after said ground glass has been moved from its prede-vtermined position.

255A camera including a casing, a frame fixed to the rear of said casingand having a passage way therein open at one end, a slide movable insaid passage way, there being an opening through said slide, a groundglass and guiding means therefor, in said opening and movable thereinand normally located in a predetermined position in said slide parallelto the plane thereof, a film carrier in connection with and in hingedrelationship to said vframe and means on -said film carrier to move saidground glass and means away from its predetermined position.

26. In combination, a hollow case having a front and an opening thereinadapted to be closed, means in said case for retaining a film thereon,an outwardly impelled de'-.

vice between said means, whereby a film traversing said device is forcedinto close contact with said front.

27. A camera including a lens, a bellows and a camera back, a groundglass, a mounting in connection with said back, maintaining said groundglass in a predetermined position, a film carrier at the rear of saidmounting and said ground glass, there being means on said carrier tomove said round glass away from said predetermined position in adirection toward said lens.

. 28. A camera including .a lens, a bellows Y ground glass, a mountingin connection with said back, maintaining said ground glass in apredetermined posit1on,"and a film carrier in connection with saidmounting, there being means on said carrier to move said ground glassfrom said predetermined position, and devices cooperating with saidmounting to move said ground glass beyond the line of vision within saidcamera.

30. A camera including a camera back, a ground glass, a mounting inconnection with said back, yieldably maintaining said ground glass in a,predeterminedl position, and a film carrier in connection With saidmounting, there being means on said carrier to move said ground glassfrom said predetermined position, and dtevices cooperating with said.mountingto move said ground glass beyond the l ne of VlSlOH Within saidlcamera.

In testimony that We claim the foregoing as our invention, We havehereunto set our 10 hands is the presence of two subscribing W11;-nessos.

